Computer networks are inherently insecure. To keep information secret, it must be encrypted. Encryption protocols fall into two general classes: secret key (e.g. DES, IDEA), and public key (e.g. RSA). Using these protocols is straight-forward; the hard part is key management. In addition to providing secrecy, cryptographic protocols can also provide authentication. Finally, cryptography can [...]
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The transport layer is the key to understanding layered protocols. It provides various services, the most important of which is an end-to-end, reliable, connection-oriented byte stream from sender to receiver. It is accessed through service primitives that permit the establishment, use and release of connection. Transport protocols must be able to do connection management over [...] Some networks have a single channel that is used for all communication. In these networks, the key design issue is the allocation of this channel among the competing stations wishing to use it. Numerous channel allocation algorithms have been devised like : - FDM : Dedicate a frequency band to each station. – TDM : [...] Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is an extension of the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) used by an Internet service provider (ISP) to enable the operation of a virtual private network (VPN) over the Internet. The two end components that make up L2TP are the L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) which is the device that physically terminates [...] |
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